element

Specify the display of how non-data components of the plot are drawn and then convert them with ggplotly.

plot <- ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) + geom_point()
p <-    
 plot + theme(
  panel.background = element_blank(),
  axis.text = element_blank()
)

plotly::ggplotly(p)

plot <- ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) + geom_point()
p <-    
 plot + theme(
  axis.text = element_text(colour = "red", size = rel(1.5))
)

plotly::ggplotly(p)

plot <- ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) + geom_point()
p <-    
 plot + theme(
  axis.line = element_line(arrow = arrow())
)

plotly::ggplotly(p)

plot <- ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) + geom_point()
p <-    
 plot + theme(
  panel.background = element_rect(fill = "white"),
  plot.margin = margin(2, 2, 2, 2, "cm"),
  plot.background = element_rect(
    fill = "grey90",
    colour = "black",
    size = 1
  )
)

plotly::ggplotly(p)